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助剂挤出法制备高强度聚四氟乙烯单丝

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    发表于 2012-6-13 05:04:51 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
    助剂挤出法制备高强度聚四氟乙烯单丝
    Preparation of high-strength polytetrafluoroethylene  fiber by paste extrusion method
    作  者:李敏[1] 张伟[2] 王朝生[1] 李建武[1] 王华平[1]

    Li Min , Zhang Wei, Wang Chaosheng , Li Jianwu , Wang Huaping ( 1. Key Laboratory of High-performance Fibers & Products, Ministry of Education, Donghua  University, Shanghai 201620 ; 2. Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia 30332)

    机构地区:[1]东华大学高性能纤维及制品教育部重点实验室,上海201620 [2]佐治亚理工学院,美国佐治亚30332

    出  处:《合成纤维工业》 CA CSCD 2011年第34卷第6期 14-17页,共4页

    China Synthetic Fiber Industry

    摘  要:将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)与润滑助剂航空煤油混合后均匀挤出,挤出样条脱除助剂,在低于PTFE熔点的温度下高倍拉伸,后经高温紧张热定型,制备高取向PTFE单纤维;通过拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、差示扫描量热分析等方法研究挤出PTFE拉伸过程中材料微细结构的变化,并对PTFE纤维的性能进行表征。结果表明:PTFE在挤出过程中并不会像高分子熔体一样在高剪切速率下出现明显的弹性效应,挤出剪切速率对其大分子的取向度影响不大;拉伸塑性变形过程中PTFE分子链段及晶区的取向均有明显增大;增大拉伸倍数,PTFE样条逐渐出现取向受限的高温转变峰;通过助剂挤出法制备的PTFE单纤维的断裂强度可达(5.0±0.4)cN/dtex。.

    The mixture of polytetrafluoroethylene (FFFE) and aviation kerosene lubricant was extruded smoothly, and the extrudate went through de-oiling, high extension at the temperature far lower than the melting point, and heat-setting under tension at high temperature to prepare highly oriented FTFE fiber. The fine structure evolution during the tensile process was studied by Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of PTFE fiber were also characterized. The results showed that no obvious elasticity was observed during PTFE extrusion at high shear rate, which was different from usual polymer melt; the shear rate had no profound influence on the macromolecular orientation ; the orientation of molecular chain and crystal region both greatly increased with the extension deformation ; the increase of extension ratio led to high temperature transition as a result of orientation confinement; and the PTFE single fiber prepared by paste extrusion method had the breaking strength up to (5.0± 0.4) cN/dtex.

    关键词:聚四氟乙烯纤维 助剂 挤出 取向 高温转变 力学性能
    polytetratluoroethylene fiber ; additive ; extrusion ; orientation ; high-temperature transition ; mechanical properties ;

    分类号:TQ342.711 [工业技术 > 化学工业 > 化学纤维工业 > 合成纤维 > 特种纤维 > 聚氟烯烃纤维(含氟纤维)]

    全文快照:人们对材料种类和需求也越来越高,就纤维材料而言,目前发展的主导方向为高性能化、功能化以满足石油化工、航空航天及医疗机械等领域的需求。聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维作为含氟高聚物材料,具有许多综合的优异性能,包括很强的耐腐蚀性,对强酸和强碱都很稳定,极好的耐侯性和耐氧化性,极限氧指数可达95%,且能在一240~260℃较宽的温度范围内长期使用。因此,在诸多方面已经得到广泛的应用。但与其他合成纤维如聚酯和聚酰胺纤维相比,PTFE纤维断裂强度相对较低,(断裂强度一般为0.88~1.23 cN/dt—ex),限制了PTFE更宽的使用范围。作者利用FE在熔点以下易进行塑性变形的特性,通过在远低于熔点以下高倍拉伸,熔点以上紧张热定型,制备高取向度的纤维,并对加工过程中高分子取向结构,结晶结构演变,及最终制备纤维力学性能进行了初步的研究。1 实验1.1 原料PTFE粉末:粒径约0.25 Ixm,相对分子质量为1.03 X 10。

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