我国氟橡胶产业现状初析

氟塑爱好者

In recent years, China's automobile industry stimulating the rapid development of the fluorine rubber demand. However, fluorine rubber production capacity of the new extension of expansion, a single source of technology, high-performance specialty products, the key common technology, application of the lack of inputs, the result will inevitably lead to a vicious price competition. In mid-July at the 2008 special rubber and thermoplastic elastomer market and applied technology symposium, the experts urged the state government departments to guide enterprises to strengthen the development of strategic research, strengthen macro-control efforts to promote fluoride rubber industry as soon as possible to grow and develop.
     Fluororubber has excellent chemical properties, mainly for the various requirements of the medium-resistant, high temperature materials, such as seals, hoses, blankets and fuel tanks, because of the irreplaceability and widely used in automobiles, oil, chemicals And machinery and other industries. Of these, 60 to 70 percent of fluorine rubber for the automotive industry.
     In the 1950s China started to develop fluorine rubber, before the 1990s, fluoride rubber mainly used for military field. Since the late 1990s, China's automobile, and other high-tech industry's rapid development of fluorine rubber industry played a key role in the lead, just a few years, fluoride rubber consumption increased by several times. "10th Five-Year Plan" period, with an annual output of rubber fluoride from 300 tons to 3,000 tons around 2007 to over 3700 tons and is expected to 2010, fluorine rubber production capacity will reach around 10,000 tons.
     China's rubber fluoride facing a good opportunity for development. From a market perspective, China has become the second largest after the U.S. automobile producer and consumer countries. The auto industry's technological advances, environmental protection requirements and the improvement of fluoride for the development of rubber industry provides great room for development. At the same time, aerospace, petroleum, chemicals, machinery and other industries on the development of fluorine rubber demand is also increasing. In addition, as fluoroelastomers the continuous expansion of production capacity, product prices are also gradually declining, the application of fluoride rubber played a role. It is estimated that by 2010, the domestic total demand of fluorine rubber will reach 10,000 tons.
     From a technical perspective, industrial production bottlenecks, environmental bottlenecks have been breakthroughs, which is fluorine rubber products will go out of the country one of the main reasons. In addition, the rapid application of technology promotion, fluoride is also the fundamental driving force behind the development of rubber.
     China's rubber fluoride facing development opportunities, while also facing severe challenges. First, compared with foreign countries, product variety and application of technology there is still a large gap. Foreign Fluororubber more than 50 varieties, but only over 10 domestic species. The second is the evaluation system fluoroelastomers to be perfect, fluorine rubber standards or business standards, there is no industry or national standards. Third, the means test and abroad also larger than the gap. 4 processing technology is subject to the restrictions on the application also failed to break through barriers. At present, China mainly used for all types of fluorine rubber seal of miscellaneous items, technology, quality, the higher production efficiency crankshaft oil seal, fuel management, and other products in the market are controlled by foreign giants, coupled with the auto industry recall system Produced by the enormous technical and cost risks, so that the accessories market little direct domestic use of plastic. Five are from the industry's greatest challenge, technology and quality did not improve substantially, triggered a vicious price competition.
     At present, China's rubber industry has fluoride in the general level of surplus products, high-end products rely on imports phenomenon, with an annual capacity of fluorine rubber has exceeded actual market demand. In response, industry experts advise, it is important to enhance the existing technological level of manufacturing enterprises and the quality of products, in new product development and application of research efforts, rather than simply expanding the scale of production, or in low-end products is a big competition on price . Experts also suggested relevant government departments should strengthen strategic research on the correct guidance for enterprises and strengthen research fluorine rubber development strategy, to strengthen macro-control, and avoid vicious competition in the bad situation, do overall planning for scientific, rational layout. In addition, experts also hope that the domestic fluorine rubber manufacturers and application of scientific research units to strengthen technical cooperation and applied research, promotion of fluoride rubber industry grew stronger as soon as possible.
     It is gratifying that China's rubber industry has fluoride to a full understanding of the status quo, is actively taking measures, such as the increase in special monomer and the development of new products and accelerating the development of environment-friendly fluorine rubber, enhancing the use of technical studies, A matching supply system, have achieved initial results.            
         
　　近年来，我国汽车行业的快速发展拉动了对氟橡胶的需求。然而，氟橡胶新建产能的外延式扩张，技术来源单一，对高性能特种产品、关键共性技术、应用研究缺乏投入，其结果必然导致产品价格的恶性竞争。在7月中旬召开的2008特种橡胶及热塑性弹性体市场及应用技术研讨会上，有关专家呼吁，国家政府部门要引导企业加强发展战略研究，加强宏观调控力度，以促进氟橡胶产业尽快发展壮大。
    氟橡胶具有优良的化学特性，主要用作各种要求的耐介质、耐高温材料，如密封件、胶管、胶布和油箱等，因其具有的不可替代性而广泛应用于汽车、石油、化工和机械等行业。其中，60%至70%的氟橡胶用于汽车工业。
    我国上世纪50年代开始研制氟橡胶，90年代前，氟橡胶主要用于军工领域。90年代末期以来，我国汽车等高新技术产业的快速发展对氟橡胶产业起到了关键的带动作用，短短几年间，氟橡胶消费量增长了数倍。“十五”期间，氟橡胶年产能从300吨增加到3000吨左右，2007年达到3700多吨，预计到2010年，氟橡胶的产能将达1万吨左右。
    我国氟橡胶面临着良好的发展机遇。从市场层面来看，目前我国已成为仅次于美国的第二大汽车生产国和消费国。汽车工业的技术进步，以及环保要求的提高，为氟橡胶产业发展提供了很大的发展空间。同时，航空航天、石油、化工、机械等行业的发展对氟橡胶的需求量也在不断增加。此外，随着氟橡胶产能的不断扩大，产品价格也在逐步下降，对氟橡胶的应用起到了推动作用。预计到2010年，国内对氟橡胶的总需求量将达到1万吨。
    从技术层面来看，产业化生产瓶颈、环保瓶颈都有所突破，这也是氟橡胶产品能走出国门的主要原因之一。另外，应用技术的较快推广，也是氟橡胶发展的根本推动力。
    我国氟橡胶面临发展机遇的同时，也面临着严峻的挑战。一是与国外相比，产品品种和应用技术方面还存在着较大的差距。国外氟橡胶有50多个品种，而国内目前只有10多个品种。二是氟橡胶的评价体系有待完善，目前氟橡胶的标准还是企业标准，没有形成行业或国家标准。三是测试手段与国外相比差距还较大。四是受加工技术的限制，应用上的障碍还未能有效突破。目前，国产氟橡胶主要用作各类密封杂件，而技术、质量、生产效率要求较高的曲轴油封、燃油管等产品的市场均被国外巨头所控制，加上汽车工业的召回制度所产生的巨大技术、成本风险，使原配件市场很少直接使用国产胶。五是来自行业内的最大挑战，技术和质量没有大幅提升，引发了产品价格的恶性竞争。
    目前，我国氟橡胶产业已出现了通用级产品过剩、高端产品依赖进口的现象，氟橡胶实际年产能已经超出市场需求。对此，业内专家提醒，重要的是提高现有生产企业技术水平和产品质量，在新产品开发和应用研究上下功夫，而不是单纯扩大生产规模，或者是在低端产品竞争上大打价格战。专家同时建议政府有关部门要加强战略研究，对企业进行正确引导并加强氟橡胶发展战略研究，加强宏观调控力度，避免造成恶性竞争的不良局面，做到总体规划科学，布局合理。此外，专家还希望国内氟橡胶科研生产单位与应用厂家加强技术合作和应用研究，促进我国氟橡胶产业尽快成长壮大。
    令人欣慰的是，我国氟橡胶产业已对现状有了充分的认识，正在积极采取应对措施，如在加大特种单体和新产品开发力度，加快开发环保型氟橡胶，加强应用技术研究，形成配套供货体系等方面都取得了初步成效。